Keywords
solvency
liquidity ratios
working capital
cash flow forecasting
How to Cite
Abstract
The relevance is driven by the need for a dependable toolkit to assess current and long-term liabilities under market volatility, informational asymmetry, and cascading payment delays. It is demonstrated that aligning debt maturities with the rhythm of cash flows improves the diagnostic reliability of solvency and the quality of managerial decisions. The article aims to design and substantiate a practical, actionable framework for integrated analysis of current and long-term liabilities that enables dependable forecasting of a firm’s solvency. A systemic perspective is applied to the structure of liabilities. Documentary analysis of financial statements and notes is performed with cross-checks between forms. Comparative analysis is used to harmonize interpretations and practices. Structural–logical grouping is employed for debt items and liquidity indicators. Inductive–deductive generalization refines the criteria for allocating liabilities to current vs non-current categories. Analytical matching of payment schedules to expected inflows is carried out. Managerial recommendations are derived through analytical–synthetic generalization and then logically structured into stepwise procedures. A coherent classification of liabilities is systematized; the distinction between asset liquidity and balance-sheet liquidity is clarified. A compact set of indicators is outlined (absolute, quick, and current liquidity; coverage of short-term liabilities by expected receipts). It is proven that combining ratio analysis with term-structure profiles of debt and the “quality” of receivables increases explanatory power. Key risk sources are revealed: time-clustered short debts, operating-cycle mismatches, and contractual penalties. Practical steps are specified: internal targets for indicators, a rolling liquidity forecast, and a protocol for handling overdue items. It is established that effectiveness rises when debt structure, asset liquidity, and cash-flow rhythm are assessed jointly. The expediency of calibrating target ranges by industry and operating-cycle length is confirmed.
References
1. Kesarchuk, H. S., & Moshak, I. V. (2016). Potochni zobov’iazannia: ekonomichna sut, klasyfikatsiia ta yikh otsinka [Current liabilities: economic essence, classification and measurement]. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho universytetu: Seriia: Ekonomika – Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University: Economics Series, 2(1(47), 401–405. https://dspace.uzhnu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/lib/10793 (in Ukrainian).
2. Fraiman, A. V., & Selivanova, N. M. (2020). Osoblyvosti obliku dovhostrokovykh zobov’iazan za natsionalnymy ta mizhnarodnymy standartamy bukhhalterskoho obliku [Specifics of accounting for long-term liabilities under national and international accounting standards]. ECONOMICS: time realities, 6(52), 76–86. http://doi.org/10.15276/ETR.06.2020.9 (in Ukrainian).
3. Teren, H. M. (2016). Systema pokaznykiv analizu likvidnosti pidpryiemstva [System of indicators for enterprise liquidity analysis]. Investytsii: praktyka ta dosvid – Investments: Practice and Experience, (8), 36–41. http://www.investplan.com.ua/pdf/8_2016/10.pdf (in Ukrainian).
4. Stasiuk, L. S. (2014). Analiz pokaznykiv likvidnosti i platospromozhnosti na prykladi PJSC “HZKPU ‘Pryhma-Pres’” [Analysis of liquidity and solvency indicators: the case of PJSC “HZKPU ‘Prygma-Press’”]. Halytskyi ekonomichnyi visnyk – Galician Economic Bulletin, 44(1), 154–161. https://galicianvisnyk.tntu.edu.ua/pdf/44/242.pdf (in Ukrainian).
5. Pylypenko, O. V. (2018). Stratehichnyi analiz [Strategic analysis]. Kyiv: DP “Vyd. dim ‘Personal’”. (in Ukrainian).
6. Savchenko, O. V., & Martsinko, D. V. (2017). Sutnist ta otsinka upravlinnia debitorskoiu ta kredytorskoiu zaborhovanostiamy v mezhakh analizu finansovoho stanu pidpryiemstva [Essence and assessment of managing accounts receivable and payable within enterprise financial analysis]. Visnyk Khmelnytskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Ekonomichni nauky – Bulletin of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic Sciences, 6(1), 181–185. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Vchnu_ekon_2017_6(1)__37 (in Ukrainian).
7. Kuzmenko, M. V., Petrukha, N. M., & Shtokhman, Yu. A. (2024). Vprovadzhennia innovatsiinykh finansovykh rishen dlia pidvyshchennia efektyvnosti upravlinnia kapitalom u silskohospodarskykh pidpryiemstvakh v Ukraini [Implementation of innovative financial solutions to improve capital management efficiency in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises]. Naukovi innovatsii ta peredovi tekhnolohii – Scientific Innovations and Advanced Technologies, 8(36), 373–393. https://doi.org/10.52058/2786-5274-2024-8(36)-373-393 (in Ukrainian).
8. Malikov, V., Bila, Y., Petrukha, N., Andrieiev, A., & Bohatchyk, L. (2025). Management of Accounting in Strategic Decision-Making for Enterprises. Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management, 10(9s), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i9s.1135
9. On approval of the National Accounting Regulation (Standard) 11 “Liabilities”: Order of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine dated 01.31.2000 No. 20. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0085-00#Text. (in Ukrainian).
10. Civil Code of Ukraine: Law of Ukraine No. 435-IV of January 16, 2003. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/435-15#Text. (in Ukrainian).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vasyl Halkin