Keywords
restitution
legal consequences of invalidity of a transaction
claim for return of unjustly acquired
preserved property
legal basis for acquisition of property
How to Cite
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of condictio obligation as an independent non-contractual institution of civil law and its relationship with the institution of restitution. The legal consequences of acquiring or retaining property without proper legal grounds, as defined in Chapter 83 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, particularly Article 1212, are examined. It is established that a condictio obligation arises when property is transferred to the acquirer at the expense of another person (the victim) without legal grounds or when the legal basis has expired, obliging the acquirer to return the property or compensate for its value. The universal nature of condiction is emphasized, since the object can be any property, including generic items and monetary funds, and the circumstances of acquisition can be diverse – from the actions of the parties to accidental events, regardless of the good faith of the person acquiring such property. The legal nature of condiction is expressed in several defining features: the absence of a proper legal basis for developing or retaining property; the obligation of the acquirer to return the property or compensate for its value. Judicial practice confirms the universality and independence of condiction from contractual mechanisms, in particular the possibility of bringing a claim against persons with whom the victim has no contractual relationship. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between condiction and restitution. Restitution is a bilateral means of restoring property rights, which is applied exclusively in the case of an invalid transaction and provides for the mutual return of what has been received by the parties. Condiction, on the other hand, is unilateral in nature, aimed primarily at protecting the interests of the victim and implemented after the relevant claim has been made. It can function as an independent instrument or as a subsidiary means alongside restitution and vindication, which emphasizes its universality and broader nature in the system of civil law remedies.
References
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