Keywords
political analysis
social justice
social contract
automation
inequality
political stability
pilot projects
How to Cite
Abstract
The article focuses on the political analysis of contemporary concepts of universal basic income, viewed as an innovative tool of social and economic policy amid global transformations. The study explores the theoretical foundations of universal basic income, its historical evolution, and practical implementation across various countries. It examines Thomas Paine’s ideas on natural rights to income and Milton Friedman’s negative income tax proposal, tracing their development into modern debates on labor automation and inequality. The article investigates the political implications of universal basic income, including its effects on the social contract, trust in state institutions, and the stability of political systems in democratic and transitional societies. The analysis employs a combination of methods: comparative analysis of pilot projects in Finland, Canada, and India, content analysis of political debates, and correlation analysis of socio-economic indicators. The potential of universal basic income in Ukraine is also explored within the context of a post-crisis economy and social tensions. Findings suggest that universal basic income can improve citizens’ well-being and reduce social inequality, though its effectiveness hinges on political backing, financial resources, and societal cultural factors. The conclusions underscore the ambivalent nature of universal basic income: it holds the potential to enhance democracy and social justice, but also poses risks of economic instability and resistance from conservative forces. The article includes a table illustrating the relationship between universal basic income and political stability, highlighting its opportunities and challenges for contemporary societies.
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