Abstract
The article provides a religious analysis of the hamartological views of Archimandrite Innocentius Giselu as a component of post-scholastic moral theology and a potential tool for solving modern bioethical dilemmas. The historical and theological context of the formation of the doctrine of sin within the framework of the Catholic and Orthodox reforms of the 16 – 17th centuries is analyzed. The evolution of the classification of sins from the early Christian period to the Council of Trent is briefly characterized. It is shown that the development of confession and the detailing of moral responsibility in the works of Kyiv scholars of that time became a response to the demands of the modern era and the complex processes of religious identification. It is emphasized that the hamartological system of I. Gisel, outlined in the work “Peace with God to Man”, offers a rationalized model of evaluating actions through the prism of conscience and free will. The article also examines the factors of the spiritual and worldview formation of the thinker and theologian, in particular his appeal to neo-scholasticism and Aristotelianism. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the treatise “Tractatus de anima”, which reveals the level of comprehension of anthropological problems of the Baroque era. The role of the situational approach to the analysis of sin is highlighted, when the assessment of an act depends on specific circumstances, which correlates with the methodology of modern bioethical expertise. Gisel’s vision of the autonomy of bodily forms until their revival by the soul creates an intellectual basis for discussions regarding the status of the embryo and the limits of intervention in biological nature. It is proven that the Christian understanding of the individual as a holistic psychosomatic unity, uniting different levels of being, is significant for the protection of human dignity in the conditions of biotechnological progress. The philosophical and theological views of I. Gisel can serve as an ethical safeguard against the destruction of the human image, harmonizing scientific achievements with the spiritual purpose of the individual.
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