Keywords
construction
legal regulation
legal liability
causation
risk sharing
personal data protection
BIM
lifecycle governance
risk-based regulation
How to Cite
Abstract
The article examines the legal challenges of using artificial intelligence in the field of construction in the context of the digital transformation of the construction industry and the spread of automated systems for design, risk management, quality control, safety monitoring and operation of facilities. It is substantiated that the introduction of AI in construction changes traditional approaches to determining legal responsibility, causation and distribution of risks between participants in the construction process, in particular customers, designers, contractors, software developers, digital platform operators, and insurance companies. The main models of legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the European Union, Ukraine, the USA and the United Kingdom are considered, which made it possible to identify differences between risk-based, sector-specific and innovation-oriented approaches to regulation. The key legal risks of using AI in construction have been identified, including: ensuring the safety of construction works and facilities, protection of personal data, the legal regime of results created or modified with the help of AI, intellectual property issues, transparency of algorithmic decisions, liability insurance and proving guilt in case of damage. Special attention is paid to the use of BIM technologies, digital twins and predictive analytics systems as tools that complicate the traditional causality model and form the network nature of responsibility. The expediency of moving from fragmentary regulation of individual technological solutions to the lifecycle governance model, which provides for legal support of AI systems at all stages of the life cycle of a construction facility – from design to operation, has been proven. Conclusions have been drawn on the need to integrate a risk-based approach into national construction legislation and the development of special mechanisms of legal control over the use of AI in construction.
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