AREAS FOR IMPROVING PROFIT DISTRIBUTION AND DIVIDEND POLICY JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES: ACCOUNTING AND TAXATION

Abstract

The article examines the current problems of dividend policy of joint-stock companies and directions of profit distribution. The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the processes of profit distribution and dividend policy management, which are key aspects of the financial strategy of joint-stock companies. In the context of modern economic challenges, such as economic instability, war, resource constraints and increased requirements for the accounting system, the development of effective tools to optimize these processes is of particular importance. The goal is to identify the main problems and factors that influence the formation of an effective accounting and analytical system for managing the dividend policy of joint-stock companies. The study is aimed at finding ways to improve the accounting system of profit distribution and the formation of dividend policy. The study used such methods as comparative and systemic analysis, deductive, inductive, grouping. These methods in combination allow creating a holistic picture of the profit distribution process and formulating recommendations for improving financial management in joint-stock companies. The results of the study showed that for effective management and making informed decisions, clear and structured information on the use of profit and a balanced dividend policy are necessary. It is important to understand the sources of dividend payments according to the types of joint-stock companies and types of shares, take into account the current legislation on dividend taxation and their reflection in accounting accounts. The article proposes a model of accounting and analytical support for dividend policy in joint-stock companies, which includes four foundations of the system: accounting, taxation, control and analysis. The analytical system for profit distribution and dividend accrual has been improved with the introduction of analytical sub-accounts to accounts 441 and 443. The proposed management report on the distribution and use of profits allows you to obtain complete information for making decisions. The conclusions establish that the implementation of dividend policy is difficult due to the fact that the ability of a joint-stock company to pay dividends depends not only on its profitability, but also on liquidity. Future research should focus on developing innovative approaches to assessing profit distribution and improving dividend policy, taking into account contemporary challenges such as war, shortage of financial resources, and changes in the economic environment.