INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AGREEMENTS OF UKRAINE: ECONOMIC ARCHITECTURE OF SUPPORT AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION

Abstract

The article examines the transformation of approaches to international support for Ukraine in the context of a full-scale war through the prism of analysing the latest security agreements concluded in 2023–2025. The peculiarity of these security agreements is that they go beyond the classical understanding of collective defence guarantees, such as those of NATO, and instead form a new type of asymmetric, comprehensive security partnerships that include not only military and technical, but also economic, institutional, humanitarian and sanctions support. The security agreements have created a new political, legal and economic reality in which Ukraine has become a full-fledged actor in the new system of security alliances in the democratic world. The agreements are not only strategically important in the context of deterring further aggression, but also have a great deal of practical importance in terms of ensuring the current functions of the Ukrainian state, restoring the destroyed infrastructure and modernising the economy. The purpose of the article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of Ukraine’s security agreements for 2022–2025, with a focus on their economic dimension, the state of implementation of commitments, and prospects for further action. These security agreements are viewed not only as political declarations of solidarity, but also as an institutionalised support system that covers both military and economic dimensions. Particular attention is paid to the economic component of these agreements, which includes direct budgetary funding, macro-financial assistance, investment guarantees, special loan programmes and risk insurance mechanisms. The provisions of Ukraine’s key security agreements with the G7 countries, the EU, the UK, the USA, Poland, Japan, and others are studied. The author summarises the amount of support already provided and analyses the architecture of financial instruments laid down in bilateral and multilateral agreements. The author analyses how security agreements contribute to maintaining Ukraine’s solvency, financing social functions of the state and post-war reconstruction. The author identifies key challenges to the implementation of security agreements: political volatility in partner countries, uneven contributions of partners, lack of legal binding, and delays in practical implementation. The article substantiates the thesis that support needs to be institutionalised and gradually shifted from crisis response to programme financing for recovery and development. The conclusion is made that security agreements are a transitional instrument for Ukraine’s full membership in NATO and the EU, and their economic component is a guarantee of the sustainable functioning of the state in the context of war and after its end.