Abstract
This article explores the strategic dimensions and challenges of digital transformation within the global military-industrial complex (MIC). Digitalization is examined as a decisive factor in the modernization of defense industries, shaping states’ competitiveness, technological autonomy, operational efficiency, and resilience in the evolving security environment. The study traces the evolution of military-industrial potential under the influence of global digitalization processes, clarifies the distinctions between the concepts of military-industrial complex, defense-industrial complex, and defense production, and positions military-industrial potential as an analytical category. Particular attention is devoted to the integration of Industry 4.0 components—digital twins, PLM/MES systems, IIoT, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity—into the operations of leading defense enterprises worldwide. The article advances a conceptual framework for the digital transformation of the military-industrial complex by identifying five interrelated strategic directions. At the institutional level, emphasis is placed on the consolidation of digital sovereignty, the establishment of coherent legal regulation, and the creation of governance mechanisms capable of coordinating state, industry, and research actors. Technological development is understood through the construction of integrated platforms that ensure interoperability and the deployment of advanced digital tools, thereby enabling seamless interaction across production and management systems. Human capital emerges as a critical dimension, requiring the systematic training of digital specialists, the establishment of educational consortia, and the introduction of programs for “digital officers” equipped with strategic and technological competencies. Ethical and security considerations are highlighted as indispensable, encompassing cyber resilience, the responsible use of artificial intelligence, and strict compliance with international law and humanitarian principles. Finally, the financial and economic foundation is addressed through innovation funds, public-private partnership mechanisms, tax incentives, and cluster-based ecosystems that stimulate investment and sustain technological modernization. Taken together, these strategic orientations form an integrated pathway toward a resilient, innovative, and globally competitive defense industry in the digital era. It is argued that the synergy of these directions creates an integrated system capable of ensuring sustainability, innovation, and strategic effectiveness of the defense sector. Future research perspectives include the development of quantitative methodologies to assess the impact of digitalization on military-industrial potential, comparative analysis of international cooperation models in DefenseTech, and formulation of practical recommendations for Ukraine, considering resource constraints and global technological trends.
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