ONTOLOGICAL-GNOSEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF FAITH AS A PHENOMENON OF CONSCIOUSNESS: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Abstract

The relevance of the research comes from the modern situation, in which the issues of rationality and irrationality of faith have acquired critical positions. On the other hand, the eternal debate about the relationship between science and religion has also acquired a critical character. These moments are relevant to Ukraine, which has found itself in such a situation where the issues of life and death have acquired a global character. The task for philosophy is difficult to imagine: to develop modern approaches in the field of modern interpretation of issues that have arisen in modern times: geopolitical, socio-economic, and cultural, when society is faced with an urgent problem: to preserve the physical and spiritual life of people. Who found themselves in a situation of extreme uncertainty? These problems also concern the development of modern philosophy, especially its “hot” branches such as the philosophy of religion. During the development of the main topic of the study, the following approaches were used. In particular, the author’s application of the main tenets of pragmatism authored by C. Peirce, W. James, J. Dewey, etc., was due to the need to resolve the contradiction between the objectivity of the subject (“faith”) and the subjectivity of knowledge (ideas, beliefs) about him To reveal the essence of the main provisions in the field of faith, comparativist, hermeneutic and historical-genetic approaches were used, which contributed to the understanding of the problem of the functioning of faith as a fundamental attribute of consciousness and existence. The existential dialectic of Faith, Hope, and Love proposed by V. Shinkaruk proved to be methodologically fruitful. M. Popovych’s conceptualization of the cognitive, suggestive, and expressive dimensions of human existence became heuristically and methodologically productive in terms of the implementation of the main ideas of the study. The project of the goal of anthropology, developed by N. Khamitov on the basis of the late M. Scheler and D. Bidney and developed by S. Krylova, also seems to be relevant. Based on the development of the research material, the following conclusions were made: The ontological interpretation of the phenomenon of faith was developed in the history of philosophy during the Middle Ages, the Enlightenment, and the Modern era; epistemological approaches in the direction of interpretation of the concept “faith” are based on a prolonged ratio of rational and irrational; the modern response to the crisis moments regarding the interpretation of the concept of “faith” in Ukraine is to involve the best forces of national philosophy in the problem of ensuring the spiritual health of the nation, which found itself in an extremely difficult state.